Linux 下安装 Composer

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前置

使用 Composer 需要先安装 PHP。

可以参考如下几篇进行安装：

项目内

其实我们可以在项目根目录执行下列命令：

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wget https://getcomposer.org/download/latest-stable/composer.phar
php composer.phar

全局手动安装

将文件下载到 /usr/local/bin 并修改名称为 composer

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sudo wget -O /usr/local/bin/composer https://getcomposer.org/download/latest-stable/composer.phar

添加执行权限：

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sudo chmod +x /usr/local/bin/composer

就可以直接通过如下方式执行了：

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# composer -V
Composer version 2.4.0 2022-08-16 16:10:48

系统包管理安装

我个人不是很推荐，具体原因还是因为我使用 Ubuntu 的时候，会依赖一些 PHP 扩展，但是如果是使用第三方库安装的 PHP，那么安装 Composer 的扩展却不是自己能够控制的，以为很可能会依赖系统自带的 PHP 版本。

下面就列一下命令：

CentOS/Rocky/RedHat:

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sudo dnf install composer

Debian/Ubuntu:

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sudo apt install composer

升级

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sudo composer self-update

此内容仅手动安装的可以使用，因为包管理没有该命令。

修改镜像

全局设置腾讯云镜像：

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composer config -g repos.packagist composer https://mirrors.tencent.com/composer/

全局设置阿里云镜像：

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composer config -g repo.packagist composer https://mirrors.aliyun.com/composer/

全局取消镜像：

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composer config -g --unset repos.packagist

项目内设置腾讯云镜像：

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composer config repos.packagist composer https://mirrors.tencent.com/composer/

项目内设置阿里云镜像：

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composer config repo.packagist composer https://mirrors.aliyun.com/composer/

项目内取消镜像：

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composer config -g --unset repos.packagist

碰到的问题

  • phar "/usr/local/bin/composer" has a broken signature 错误:
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PHP Fatal error:  Uncaught exception 'PharException' with message 'phar "/usr/local/bin/composer" has a broken signature' in /usr/local/bin/composer:23
Stack trace:
#0 /usr/local/bin/composer(23): Phar::mapPhar('composer.phar')
#1 {main}
  thrown in /usr/local/bin/composer on line 23

解决办法：删除文件包，重新安装。

  • PHP 缺失 openssl 扩展:
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Some settings on your machine make Composer unable to work properly.
Make sure that you fix the issues listed below and run this script again:

The openssl extension is missing, which means that secure HTTPS transfers are impossible.
If possible you should enable it or recompile php with --with-openssl

解决办法: PHP 安装 openssl 扩展。

  • PHP 缺失 zlib 扩展:
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The zlib extension is not loaded, this can slow down Composer a lot.
If possible, install it or recompile php with --with-zlib

The php.ini used by your command-line PHP is: /usr/local/php/etc/php.ini
If you can not modify the ini file, you can also run `php -d option=value` to modify ini values on the fly. You can use -d multiple times.

解决办法: PHP 安装 zlib 扩展。